RAMPARTS OF AIGUES-MORTES
Aigues-Mortes (dead waters) is a commune in the Gard department in Provence, southern France. This medieval city of "dead waters" is named after the swamps and lagoons that graced the landscape centuries ago. The surrounding city walls are well preserved.The 1,650 meters of city walls were built in two phases: the first during the reign of Philippe III, the Bold, and the second during the reign of Philippe IV, the Fair, who had the enclosure completed between 1289 and 1300. The Constance Tower, completed in 1248, is all that remains of the castle built in Louis IX's reign.
The revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 caused severe repression of Protestantism, which was marked in Languedoc and the Cévennes in the early 18th century by the "Camisard War". From 1686, the Constance Tower was used as a prison for the Huguenots who refused to convert to Roman Catholicism.
In 1893, a conflict erupted between the French and the Italians who worked in the salt evaporation ponds of Peccais. The Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes resulted in several Italian deaths with hundreds injured in the ethnic violence.
The ramparts, the castle and the tower of Constance are classified as historical monuments since 1 December 1903. Various adjoining parcels are also classified from 19 July 1921, 28 July 1928, 14 October 1929 and 8 January 1964.
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