Henri Philippe Benoni Omer Joseph Pétain, generally known as Philippe Pétain or Marshal Pétain (Maréchal Pétain), was a French General who reached the distinction of Marshal of France, and was later Chief of State of Vichy France (Chef de l'État Français), from 1940 to 1944. Pétain, who was 84 years old in 1940, ranks as France's oldest head of state.
Marshal Pétain was viewed as a national hero in France for his outstanding military leadership in World War I, particularly during the Battle of Verdun.
His government voted to transform the discredited French Third Republic into the French State, an authoritarian regime. As the war progressed, the government at Vichy collaborated with the Germans who, in 1942, finally occupied the whole of metropolitan France because of the threat from North Africa.
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